Dynamic Simulation of Knee Motion Using Three-Dimensional Surrogate Contact Modeling

Different types of computer models have been used to simulate contact conditions in human joints. One of the primary limitations of these models is computational speed. Even with simple elastic foundation (EF) contact models [1], CPU times on the order of 5 to 10 minutes for a one-cycle dynamic simulation can be prohibitively expensive for design sensitivity and optimization studies requiring thousands of simulations.