... constitutive model that incorporates film thickness and grain size effects as well as dislocation entanglement hardening. The experimental and simulation results are compared at both the film and subgrain scales. While the experiment and model agree fairly well at the film level, the experimental results show...

.... It is shown that the model replicates the measured trends with hardness and grain size. Motivated by this comparison, further simulations are used to gain a basic understanding of the respective roles of plasticity and microcracking on penetration and to elucidate the phenomena governing projectile defeat...

...G. Gioia; X. Dai Very recent experiments indicate that in free-standing metallic films of constant grain size the initial yield stress increases as the film becomes thinner, it peaks for a thickness on the order of 100 nm , and then starts to decrease. This reversing size effect poses two...