The huge benefits on economic and environment that remanufacturing can bring attract more and more manufacturers to recycle old items and begin to remanufacture while manufacturing new productions, manufacturing/remanufacturing hybrid system (MRHS) is formed. The demand of remanufactured productions are different from and independent with the demand of manufactured productions , but the manufactured ones can be sold as the remanufactured productions with a profit loss in order to avoid the shortage cost. In such a background, this paper studies on the production decision-making of MRHS, the production decision-making model with production substitution is developed and applied in multi-period production...