Transient Two-Phase Flow Patterns by Application of a High Voltage Pulse Width Modulated Signal and the Effect on Condensation Heat Transfer

The objectives of this study are (i) to determine the transient phase redistributions of a two-phase flow in a smooth horizontal annular channel by applying high voltage pulses to induce electric fields and (ii) to quantify the resultant changes in the condensation heat transfer. The experiments were performed using refrigerant R-134a flowing in the annular channel that was cooled on the outside by a counter-current flow of water. The electric fields are established by applying high voltage to a concentric rod electrode inside a grounded tube. The effect of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) forces on the changes to the initial stratified/stratified wavy flow pattern was visualized using a high speed camera. The EHD effect results in the redistribution of the liquid–vapor phase within the channel and unique flow structures, such as twisted liquid cones and entrained droplets, are observed. These structures only appear during the initial application of EHD and are absent in the steady state. Experiments were performed using a 8 kV pulse width modulated (PWM) signal with duty cycles ranging from 0% to 100% to evaluate the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the transient EHD flow patterns. The resultant heat transfer increased with the duty cycle to approximately 2.7-fold at a mass flux of 45–55 kg/m²s and 1.2-fold at a mass flux of 110 kg/m²s. The enhancement was higher as the pulse width was increased.