In this study the microstructure and wear characteristics of uncoated, TiAlN, AlCrN, and TiCN multilayer coated AISI 410 stainless steel. Tribological properties of the coatings were investigated by high carbon steel ball friction in dry sliding, sliding velocity of 0.3927 m s−1, sliding distance of 248.43 m, and under a load range of 2–4 N at room temperature. Among all the multilayer coatings tested, TiCN gave the superior wear resistance, followed by TiAlN and AlCrN. This indicates that the presence of C in TiCN coating leads to increase the wear resistance. At 2–3 N load in which oxidation was present, AlCrN coating shows the excellent wear resistance followed by TiAlN and TiCN coatings. The coating with a TiAlN proved good to acceptable wear resistance between 3 N and 4 N load. The wear rates and worn surfaces were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attachment), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Talysurf profilometry analysis, which demonstrate that the grooved regions, pits, ploughing ridge, and cavities were found along the worn surface of the uncoated, TiAlN, and AlCrN coated surface. This result exposed that hard-coated particles were observed on the high carbon steel ball surface.

References

1.
Gahlin
,
R.
,
Larsson
,
M.
, and
Hedenqvist
,
P.
, “
ME-C, 2001H Coatings in Motor Vehicles
,”
Wear
,
249
(
3–4
), pp.
302
309
.
2.
Rao
,
V.
,
Kabat
,
D.
,
Yeager
,
D.
, and
Lizzote
,
B.
,
2007
, “
Engine Studies of Solid Film Lubricant Coated Pistons
,”
SAE
Paper No. 970009.
3.
Wang
,
Y.
,
Brogan
,
K.
, and
Tung
,
S. C.
,
2001
, “
Wear and Scuffing Characteristics of Composite Polymer and Nickel/Ceramic Composite Coated Piston Skirts Against Aluminum and Cast Iron Cylinder Bores
,”
Wear
,
250
(1–12), pp.
706
717
.
4.
Tamminen
,
J.
,
Snadstrom
,
C.-E.
, and
Anderson
,
P.
,
2006
, “
Influence of Load on the Tribological Condition in Piston Ring and Cylinder Liner Contacts in a Medium-Speed Diesel Engine
,”
Tribol. Int.
,
39
(
12
), pp.
1643
1652
.
5.
Priyan
,
M. S.
, and
Hariharan
,
P.
,
2014
, “
Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Fe Based Coatings by HVOF Sprayed on Gray Cast-Iron for Automotive Application
,”
Tribol. Ind.
,
36
(
4
), pp.
394
405
.
6.
Fedrizzi
,
L.
,
Rossi
,
S.
,
Cristel
,
R.
, and
Bonora
,
P. L.
,
2004
, “
Corrosion and Wear Behaviour of HVOF Cermet Coatings Used to Replace Hard Chromium
,”
Electrochim. Acta
,
49
(
17–18
), pp.
2803
2814
.
7.
Singh
,
H.
,
Puri
,
D.
, and
Prakash
,
S.
,
2005
, “
Studies of Plasma Spray Coatings on a Fe-Base Superalloy, Their Structure and High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour
,”
Anti-Corros. Methods Mater.
,
52
(
2
), pp.
84
95
.
8.
Aihua
,
L.
,
Jianxina
,
D.
,
Haibinga
,
C.
,
Yangyanga
,
C.
, and
Juna
,
Z.
,
2012
, “
Friction and Wear Properties of TiN, TiAlN, AlTiN and CrAlN PVD Nitride Coatings
,”
Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater.
,
31
, pp.
82
88
.
9.
Ding
,
X. Z.
,
Tan
,
A. L. K.
,
Zeng
,
X. T.
,
Wang
,
C.
,
Yue
,
T.
, and
Sun
,
C. Q.
, 2008, “
Corrosion Resistance of CrAlN and TiAlN Coatings Deposited by Lateral Rotating Cathode Arc
,”
Thin Solid Films
,
516
(16), pp.
5716
5720
.
10.
Su
,
Y. L.
,
Yao
,
S. H.
,
Leu
,
Z. L.
,
Wei
,
C. S.
, and
Wu
,
C. T.
,
1997
, “
Comparison of Tribological Behavior of Three Films, TiN, TiCN and CrN Grown by Physical Vapor Deposition
,”
Wear
,
213
(1–2), pp.
165
174
.
11.
Wiklund
,
U.
,
Wanstrand
,
O.
,
Larsson
,
M.
, and
Hogmark
,
S.
,
1999
, “
Evaluation of New Multilayer Physical Vapour Deposition Coatings in Sliding Contact
,”
Wear
,
236
(1–2), pp.
88
95
.
12.
Du
,
H.
,
Zhao
,
H.
,
Xiong
,
J.
, and
Xian
,
G.
,
2013
, “
Effect of Inter Layers on the Structure and Properties of TiAlN Based Coatings on WC–Co Cemented Carbide Substrate
,”
Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater.
,
37
, pp.
60
66
.
13.
Bouzakis
,
K.-D.
,
Michailidis
,
N.
,
Gerardis
,
S.
,
Katirtzoglou
,
G.
,
Lili
,
E.
,
Pappa
,
M.
,
Brizuela
,
M.
,
Garcia-Luis
,
A.
, and
Cremer
,
R.
,
2008
, “
Correlation of the Impact Resistance of Variously Doped CrAlN PVD Coatings With Their Cutting Performance in Milling Aerospace Alloys
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
,
203
(5–7), pp.
781
785
.
14.
Romero
,
J.
,
Gomez
,
M. A.
,
Esteve
,
J.
,
Montala
,
F.
,
Carreras
,
L.
,
Grifol
,
M.
, and
Lousa
,
A.
,
2006
, “
CrAlN Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc Evaporation at Different Substrate Bias
,”
Thin Solid Films
,
515
(
1
), pp.
113
117
.
15.
Nouveau
,
C.
,
Labidi
,
C.
,
Collet
,
R.
,
Benlatreche
,
Y.
, and
Djouadi
,
M.-A.
,
2009
, “
Effect of Surface Finishing Such as Sand-Blasting and CrAlN Hard Coatings on the Cutting Edge's Peeling Tool's Wear Resistance
,”
Wear
,
267
(5–8), pp.
1062
1067
.
16.
Barshilia
,
H. C.
,
Selvakumar
,
N.
,
Deepthi
,
B.
, and
Rajam
,
K. S.
,
2006
, “
A Comparative Study of Reactive Direct Current Magnetron Sputtered CrAlN and CrN Coatings
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
,
201
(
6
), pp.
2193
2201
.
17.
Khamseh
,
S.
,
Nose
,
M.
,
Kawabata
,
T.
,
Nagae
,
T.
,
Matsuda
,
K.
, and
Ikeno
,
S.
,
2010
, “
A Comparative Study of CrAlN Films Synthesized by DC and Pulsed DC Reactive Magnetron Facing Target System With Different Pulse Frequencies
,”
J. Alloys Compd.
,
508
(
1
), pp.
191
195
.
18.
Banakh
,
O.
,
Schmid
,
P. E.
,
Sanjines
,
R.
, and
Levy
,
F.
,
2003
, “
High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Cr1-xAlxN Thin Films Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
,
163–164
, pp. 57–61.
19.
Khlifi
,
K.
, and
Ben Cheikh Larbi
,
A.
,
2013
, “
Investigation of Adhesion of PVD Coatings Using Various Approaches
,”
Surf. Eng.
,
29
(
7
), pp.
555
560
.
20.
Kong
,
Q. H.
,
Ji
,
L.
,
Li
,
H. X.
,
Liu
,
X. H.
,
Wang
,
Y. J.
,
Chen
,
J. M.
, and
Zhou
,
H. D.
,
2011
, “
Composition, Microstructure, and Properties of CrNxfilms Deposited Using Medium frequency Magnetron Sputtering
,”
Appl. Surf. Sci.
,
257
(
6
), pp.
2269
2274
.
21.
Braic
,
M.
,
Balaceanu
,
M.
,
Braic
,
V.
,
Vladescu
,
A.
,
Pavelescu
,
G.
, and
Albulescu
,
M.
,
2005
, “
Synthesis and Characterization of TiN, TiAIN and TiN/TiAIN Biocompatible Coatings
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
,
200
(1–4), pp.
1014
1017
.
22.
Castanho
,
J.
, and
Vieira
,
M.
,
2003
, “
Effect of Ductile Layers in Mechanical Behaviour of TiAlN Thin Coatings
,”
J. Mater. Process. Technol.
,
143–144
, pp.
352
357
.
23.
Pinkas
,
M.
,
Pelleg
,
J.
, and
Daniel
,
M. P.
,
1990
, “
Structural Analysis of (Ti1_xAlx)N Graded Coatings Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
,”
Thin Solid Films
,
355–356
, pp.
380
384
.
24.
Suzuki
,
T.
,
Huang
,
D.
, and
Ikuhara
,
Y.
,
1998
, “
Microstructures and Grain Boundaries of (Ti,Al) N Films
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
,
107
(
1
), pp.
41
47
.
25.
Seidel
,
F.
,
Stock
,
H. R.
, and
Mayr
,
P.
,
1998
, “
Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen Implantation Into TiN Coatings
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
,
108–109
, pp.
271
275
.
26.
Zeghni
,
A. E.
, and
Hashmi
,
M. S. J.
,
2004
, “
Comparative Wear Characteristics of TiN and TiC Coated and Uncoated Tool Steel
,”
J. Mater. Process. Technol.
,
155–156
, pp.
1923
1926
.
27.
Jindal
,
P. C.
,
Santhanam
,
A. T.
,
Scheleinkofer
,
U.
, and
Shuster
,
A. F.
,
1999
, “
Performance of PVD TiN, TiCN and TiAlN Coated Cemented Carbide Tools in Turning
,”
Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater.
,
17
(1–3), pp.
163
170
.
28.
Caicedo
,
J. C.
,
Amaya
,
C.
,
Yate
,
L.
,
Zambrano
,
G.
,
Gomez
,
M. E.
,
Alvarado-Rivera
,
J.
,
Munoz-Saldana
,
J.
, and
Prieto
,
P.
,
2010
, “
TiCN/TiNbCN Multilayer Coatings With Enhanced Mechanical Properties
,”
Appl. Surf. Sci.
,
256
(
20
), pp.
5898
5904
.
29.
Vijayasarathi
,
P.
,
Sureshprabhu
,
P.
, and
Gukanrajaram
,
2015
, “
Investigation of Composite Coated Ti-C-N Surfaces With Ball-Cratering Test Method
,”
Carbon Sci. Technol.
,
7
(
3
), pp.
30
36
.
30.
Vijayasarathi
,
P.
,
Ilaiyavel
,
S.
, and
Suresh Prabhu
,
P.
,
2016
, “
Experimental Investigation of Wear Characteristics on TiCN-Coated AISI 410 Steel
,”
Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process.
,
122
, p. 468.
You do not currently have access to this content.