Multiple Regression Analysis of Hip Fracture Risk Assessment Via Finite Element Analysis

An accurate assessment of hip fracture risk requires a proper consideration of parameters affecting the fracture. In general, hip fracture is assessed based on bone mineral density (BMD) and load amount, but hip fracture is an outcome of the interaction of the parameters such as loading directions, bone density, which are often disregarded. Assessing the effect of the parameters individually may not correctly reflect the root cause of the hip fracture. Hence, this research aims at analyzing the significance of parameters and their interaction in assessing the fracture risk. A multiple regression analysis has been conducted considering bone density $(ρash)$⁠, different loading directions during sideways fall, represented by load angle $(α)$ about femoral shaft on the coronal plane and angle $(β)$ about femoral neck (FN) axis on the transverse plane as independent parameters and fracture risk index (FRI) as a dependent parameter. The statistical results showing the significant value of 0.7321 for $α$⁠, and 0.0001 for $β$ and $ρash$ indicate that the effect of loading direction $(α)$ does not have impact on fracture risk in comparison with the loading direction $(β)$ and $ρash$⁠. Furthermore, the analysis of the interaction of parameters shows that the impact of $β$ on fracture risk may depends more on bone density.