Fig. 1 Wind speed record during the Andrews Air Force Base microburst recorded on Aug. 1, 1983 (adapted from Fujita [ 5 ]) More

Fig. 2 Computational domain used for the CFD simulations More

Fig. 3 Snapshot profile of a CFD simulation describing a paused downburst. Contours represent the magnitude of the full wind velocity in m/s. The above simulation result corresponds to D = 1000 m, H = 2000 m, and V in,max = 40 m/s. More

Fig. 4 Normalized radial velocity profiles at the paused time instant (107 s). The results correspond to D = 1000 m, H = 2000 m, and V in,max = 40 m/s. More

Fig. 5 Variation of the peak radial velocity with radial distance at the paused time instant (107 s). The results correspond to D = 1000 m, H = 2000 m, and V in,max = 40 m/s. More

Fig. 6 Piecewise approximations of a normalized peak radial velocity distribution at instant of the pause in the CFD simulations (i.e., at 107 s). The results correspond to D = 1000 m, H = 2000 m, and V in,max = 40 m/s. More

Fig. 7 Peak radial velocity distributions for the time-dependent model. The profiles at t = 0 correspond to the paused time instant (107 s). The results correspond to D = 1000 m, H = 2000 m, and V in,max = 40 m/s: ( a ) normalized radial velocity profiles at different time instants and ( ... More

Fig. 8 Comparison of a wind speed time series resulting from the paused downburst model versus one from the Andrews AFB data More

Fig. 9 Dependence of pitch angle, rotor speed, and power on the wind speed More

Fig. 10 Schematic plan view of the downburst position relative to the wind turbine More

Fig. 11 Plan view showing storm track and turbine More

Fig. 12 A summary of the procedure to generate the paused downburst model data: ( a ) and to determine the mean (non-turbulent) velocity data at the turbine location and ( b ) note that the mean data obtained from the above procedure is further scaled with the storm intensity factor (Π( t )) and c... More

Fig. 13 Comparison of wind speed (with turbulence) at hub height simulated using both the models. Parameters used to obtain these results are: R 0 = 4 km, θ 0 = 180 deg, ϕ = 15 deg, k rm = 1 m/s, U trans = 8 m/s, U amb = 6 m/s, H = 2000 m, D = 1000 m, V in, max = 40 m/s, ... More

Fig. 14 Downburst simulation case with R 0 = 4 km, θ 0 = 180 deg, ϕ = 15 deg, k rm = 1 m/s, U trans = 8 m/s, U amb = 6 m/s, H = 2000 m, D = 1000 m, V in, max = 40 m/s, and t p = 107 s. The panels in each sub-figure show variation of different quantities with time. ( ... More

Fig. 15 Horizontal direction of wind speed and nacelle yaw position for both the models. Parameters used to obtain these results are: R 0 = 4 km, θ 0 = 180 deg, ϕ = 15 deg, k rm = 1 m/s, U trans = 8 m/s, U amb = 6 m/s, H = 2000 m, D = 1000 m, V in,max = 40 m/s, and t p... More

Fig. 1 Schematic arrangement of the test setup More

Fig. 2 Energy storage unit with thermocouples More