... to the outdoor environment, thus increasing outdoor air temperatures and subsequently building cooling loads. To avoid these circular effects, an improvement in building energy efficiency can reduce energy needs including air conditioning loads and a decrease in urban air temperature especially during summer...

... (five sites and 94 AHUs), so there is less confidence drawing from these conclusions. 1 Corresponding author. Email: christopher.caradonna@nrel.gov building stock energy modeling HVAC controls ComStock HVAC unoccupied shutdown controls building energy efficiency...