Abstract

This paper presents the numerical approaches for sensitivity analysis (SA) and its application in the modeling effort of a modular multilevel converter (MMC). A review of the state-of-the-art techniques in the sensitivity analysis is provided, with a special focus on the numerical approaches, followed by the sensitivity analysis of an MMC. To further reduce the computational cost per model evaluation in parametric uncertainty quantification (P-UQ) of the MMC, this paper also proposes a simplified model with a minimum number of power modules for P-UQ analysis without introducing any further uncertainties in the modeling and simulation.

References

1.
Hammons
,
T. J.
,
Woodford
,
D.
,
Loughtan
,
J.
,
Chamia
,
M.
,
Donahoe
,
J.
,
Povh
,
D.
,
Bisewski
,
B.
, and
Long
,
W.
,
2000
, “
Role of HVDC Transmission in Future Energy Development
,”
IEEE Power Energy Rev.
,
20
(
2
), pp.
10
25
.10.1109/MPER.2000.819913
2.
Willis
,
L.
, and
Stig
,
N.
,
2007
, “
HVDC Transmission: Yesterday and Today
,”
IEEE Power Energy Mag.
,
5
(
2
), pp.
22
31
.10.1109/MPAE.2007.329175
3.
Siemens AG,
2010
, “
HVDC Plus: The Smart Way—One Step Ahead
,”
Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)
, Bari, Italy, pp.
1
29
.
4.
Jacobson
,
B.
,
Karlsson
,
P.
,
Asplund
,
G.
,
Harnefors
,
L.
, and
Jonsson
,
T.
,
2010
, “
VSC-HVDC Transmission With Cascaded Two-Level Converters
,”
Proceedings of CIGRÉ Session
, pp.
1
8
.https://picture.iczhiku.com/resource/paper/sHkWFFKsQyAktBnc.pdf
5.
Li
,
B.
,
Zhou
,
S.
,
Xu
,
D.
,
Finney
,
S.
, and
Williams
,
B.
,
2016
, “
A Hybrid Multilevel Converter for Medium-Voltage Variable-Speed Motor Drives
,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
,
32
(
6
), pp.
4619
4630
.10.1109/TPEL.2016.2598286
6.
Li
,
B.
,
Zhou
,
S.
,
Xu
,
D.
,
Yang
,
R.
,
Xu
,
D.
,
Buccella
,
C.
, and
Cecati
,
C.
,
2016
, “
An Improved Circulating Current Injection Method for Modular Multilevel Converters in Variable-Speed Drives
,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
,
63
(
11
), pp.
7215
7225
.10.1109/TIE.2016.2547899
7.
Du
,
S.
,
Wu
,
B.
,
Tian
,
K.
,
Zargari
,
N.
, and
Cheng
,
Z.
,
2016
, “
A Flying-Capacitor Modular Multilevel Converter (FC-MMC) for Medium-Voltage Motor Drive
,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
,
32
(
3
), p.
1
.
8.
Ericsen
,
T. S.
,
2005
, “
Physics Based Design, the Future of Modeling and Simulation
,”
Acta Polytech.
,
45
(
4
), pp.
59
64
.10.14311/740
9.
Ericsen
,
T.
,
Khersonsky
,
Y.
,
Schugart
,
P.
, and
Steimer
,
P.
,
2006
, “
PEBB- Power Electronics Building Blocks, From Concept to Reality
,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (
PEMD
), Philadelphia, PA, Apr. 4–6, pp.
12
16
.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4123477
10.
Cvetkovic, I., Shen, Z., Jaksic, M., DiMarino, C., Chen, F., Boroyevich, D., and Burgos,
2015
, “
Modular Scalable Medium-Voltage Impedance Measurement Unit Using 10 kV SiC MOSFET PEBBs
,”
Proceedings of IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium
, Old Town Alexandria, VA, June 21–24, pp.
326
331
.10.1109/EST S.2015.7157913
11.
Wang
,
J.
,
Zhiyu
,
S.
,
Igor
,
C.
,
Niloofar
,
R. M.
,
Alinaghi
,
M.
, and
Sungjae
,
O.
,
2017
, “
Power Electronics Building Block (PEBB) Design Based on 1.7 kV SiC MOSFET Modules
,”
Proceedings of IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium
, Arlington, VA, Aug. 14–17, pp.
612
619
.10.1109/EST S.2017.8069345
12.
Maksimovic
,
D.
,
Stankovic
,
A.
,
Thottuvelil
,
V.
, and
Verghese
,
G.
,
2001
, “
Modeling and Simulation of Power Electronic Converters
,”
Proc. IEEE
,
89
(
6
), pp.
898
912
.10.1109/5.931486
13.
Femia
,
N.
, and
Spagnuolo
,
G.
,
2000
, “
True Worst-Case Circuit Tolerance Analysis Using Genetic Algorithms and Affine Arithmetic
,”
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I
,
47
(
9
), pp.
1285
1296
.10.1109/81.883323
14.
White
,
R.
,
1992
, “
An Introduction to Six Sigma With a Design Example
,” Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,
Proceedings of APEC'92 Seventh Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
, Boston, MA, Feb. 23–27, pp.
28
35
.10.1109/AP EC.1992.228434
15.
Mehrabadi
,
N. R.
,
Burgos
,
R.
,
Roy
,
C.
, and
Boroyevich
,
D.
,
2017
, “
Power Electronics Modeling and Design: Using Parametric and Model-Form Uncertainty Quantification to Assess Predictive Accuracy of Power Converter Models
,”
IEEE Power Electron. Mag.
,
4
(
4
), pp.
44
52
.10.1109/MPEL.2017.2760250
16.
Donoho
,
D. L.
,
2000
, “
High-Dimensional Data Analysis:The Curses and Blessings of Dimensionality
,”
AMS Math Challenges Lect.
,
1
(
2000
), p.
32
.https://dl.icdst.org/pdfs/files/236e636d7629c1a53e6ed4cce1019b6e.pdf
17.
Holmes
,
D. G.
, and
McGrath
,
B. P.
,
2001
, “
Opportunities for Harmonic Cancellation With Carrier-Based PWM for a Two-Level and Multilevel Cascaded Inverters
,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
,
37
(
2
), pp.
574
582
.10.1109/28.913724
18.
Hagiwara
,
M.
, and
Akagi
,
H.
,
2008
, “
PWM Control and Experiment of Modular Multilevel Converter
,”
Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference
, Rhodes, Greece, June 15–19, pp.
154
161
.10.1109/PESC.2008.4591917
19.
She
,
X.
,
Huang
,
A.
,
Ni
,
X.
, and
Burgos
,
R.
,
2012
, “
AC Circulating Currents Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converter
,” Proceedings of 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (
IECON
), Montreal, QC, Canada, Oct. 25–28, pp.
191
196
.10.1109/IECON.2012.6388809
20.
Li
,
B.
,
Yang
,
R.
,
Xu
,
D.
,
Wang
,
G.
,
Wang
,
W.
, and
Xu
,
D.
,
2015
, “
Analysis of the Phase-Shifted Carrier Modulation for Modular Multilevel Converters
,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
,
30
(
1
), pp.
297
310
.10.1109/TPEL.2014.2299802
21.
Jakšić
,
M.
,
Shen
,
Z.
,
Cvetković
,
I.
,
Boroyevich
,
D.
,
Burgos
,
R.
,
DiMarino
,
C.
, and
Chen
,
F.
,
2017
, “
Medium-Voltage Impedance Measurement Unit for Assessing the System Stability of Electric Ships
,”
IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.
,
32
(
2
), pp.
829
841
.10.1109/TEC.2017.2692275
22.
MathWorks
,
2020
, “
Simulation and Model-Based Design
,” MathWorks. https://www.mathworks.com/products/simulink.html
23.
Hale
,
L. E.
,
Patil
,
M.
, and
Roy
,
C.
,
2015
, “
Sensitivity Analysis Methods for System With Epistemic Uncertainties
,”
AIAA
Paper No. 2015-1818
.10.2514/6.2015-1818
24.
Sobol
,
M.
,
2001
, “
Global Sensitivity Indices for Nonlinear Mathematical Models and Their Monte Carlo Estimates
,”
Math. Comput. Simul.
,
55
(
1
), pp.
271
280
.10.1016/S0378-4754(00)00270-6
25.
Saltelli
,
S.
,
Tarantola
,
F.
,
Campolongo
., and
M.
,
Ratto
,
2004
,
Sensitivity Analysis in Practice: A Guide to Assessing Scientific Models
,
Wiley
, Chichester, UK.
26.
Looss
,
B.
Lemaitre
,
P.
2015
, “
A Review on Global Sensitivity Analysis Methods
,”
Uncertainty Management in Simulation-Optimization of Complex Systems
,
Springer
, Boston, MA, pp.
101
122
.
27.
Saltelli
,
A.
,
Annoni
,
P.
,
Azzini
,
I.
,
Campolongo
,
F.
,
Ratto
,
M.
, and
Tarantola
,
S.
,
2010
, “
Variance Based Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output. design and Estimator for the Total Sensitivity Index
,”
Comput. Phys. Commun.
,
181
(
2
), pp.
259
270
.10.1016/j.cpc.2009.09.018
28.
Homma
,
T.
, and
Saltelli
,
A.
,
1996
, “
Importance Measures in Global Sensitivity Analysis of Nonlinear Models
,”
Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf.
,
52
(
1
), pp.
1
17
.10.1016/0951-8320(96)00002-6
29.
Wyss
,
G. D.
, and
Jorgensen
,
K. H.
,
1998
,
A User's Guide to LHS: Sandia's Latin Hypercube Sampling Software
, SAND98-0210,
Sandia National Laboratories
,
Albuquerque, NM
.
You do not currently have access to this content.