... Impact Damper in Free and Forced Vibration ,” J. Sound Vib. 0022-460X , 99 ( 1 ), pp. 85 – 94 . 10.1016/0022-460X(85)90446-8 Papalou , A. , and Masri , S. F. , 1996 , “ Response of Impact Dampers With Granular Materials Under Random Excitation ,” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 0098...

...Piroz Zamankhan Large scale, three dimensional computer simulations of a dense aggregative bed were performed to provide insight into the physics behind bubble formation in vertically vibrated granular materials in a shaker. As the shaker acceleration exceeds a critical value, turbulent...

... used to perform limited studies of particle dampers 6 10 11 . This is a technique pioneered by Cundall and Strack 12 for the simulation of behavior of granular materials in three-dimension. The procedure is an explicit process with small time step iterations to determine resultant forces on any...