Vertical plastic strain distribution in z-direction (ε₃₃) at the scan line at D = 4 mm and v = 30 mm/s (a) right before the laser passes, (b) as the laser passes, and (c) after the laser scan. Right as the laser passes, the top facesheet (top three element layers) expands upward and downwards near the scan line, compressing the foam underneath. The foam, in turn, densifies due to the MTGM and “pulls” the facesheet down, causing tensile strains in the top facesheet. A deformation scaling factor of 5 was used. Half of the specimen is shown due to symmetry.